Seismic Imaging: A Review of the Techniques, their Principles, Merits and Limitations (EET 4)

Description

The book presents the various seismic imaging methods currently in use in the Oil and Gas industry in a unified and almost equation-free approach. Guided step by step through each method well illustrated by figures and examples, the reader will discover differences between time and depth imaging, how they impact the quality of the seismic image, the distinction between Kirchhoff, Gaussian Beam and other Beam techniques, principles of ray-based tomography and how it may be used after wave-equation methods, in what sense two-way Reverse Time Migration differs from one-way Shot Point migration, what are the emerging routes for migration velocity analysis, what can we expect from Full Waveform Inversion and at what cost, how 3D and wide azimuth acquisition impact imaging, and answers to many other questions.

Table of Contents

Introduction – What is a reflection seismic image exactly?

1. Wave propagation: some reminders
2. Principles of Ray-based and Kirchoff summation migrations
3. Pre-stack time migrations: principles and velocity analysis
4. Ray-based Kirchoff Migrations and Tomography
5. Ray-based Beam Migrations
6. Wavefield Extrapolation Migrations
7. Wavefield Extrapolation Migration Velocity Analysis and Inversion-based Techniques
8. Examples, Discussion and Conclusion
9. Acknowledgements
10. References
11. Index